Original Footage and Photo Shoot...

Here's some examples of footage and images pre editing...

Mind and Behaviour...

Gross, R. (2010) Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour. 6th Edition. Hodder Education: London









Going back to thinking about controlling behaviour, I wanted to research how persuasive communication in particular can influence behaviour and where PR sits on the scale of persuasion.

The diagram above portrays the 'different kinds of attempts to change people's attitudes and behaviour. These range from professional help for emotional and behavioural problems, through inevitable features of social interaction/social influence, to deliberate attempts to manipulate and control others for the benefit of the manipulator' (Gross 2010: 369).

'How we act in a particular situation will depend on the immediate consequences of our behaviour, how we think others will evaluate our actions, and habitual ways of behaving in those kinds of situations' (Gross 2010:369).

Persuasive Communication

According to Laswell (1948) in order to understand and predict the effectiveness of one's person's attempt to change the attitude of another, we need to know 'who says what in which channel to whom and with what effect'. Similarly, Hovland and Janis (1959) say that we need to study:

• The source of the persuasive communication, that is, the communicator (Laswell's who)
• The message itself (Laswell's what)
• The recipient of the message of the audience (Laswell's whom)
• The situation or context

So how can this be achieved? One example that Gross gives is that of Mass-Media Campaigns designed to change:

According to Strobe (2000), Mass-Media campaigns designed to change some specific health behaviour should use arguments aimed mainly at changing beliefs relating to that specific behaviour.
(Gross 2010: 373)

I'm quite interested in the reaction of change and the differences between conformity and obedience.

To some extent it can be quite simple to condition society as one social group would like as 'Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT) regards human beings not as rational but as rationalising creatures: attempting to appear rational, both to others and themselves'. (Gross 2010: 376)

So in saying this, a particular social group can influence the social norm. A social norm is described by Turner (Gross 2010:401) as:

A rule, value or standard shared by the members of a social group that prescribes appropriate,expected or desirable attitudes and conduct in matters relevant to the group.


So if this means that a particular social group can manipulate and skew the sustenance of the social norm it suggests that society will remain unquestioning as whatever this social group suggests, it is seen as the social norm.

Obedience vs Conformity

Crutchfield (1955), it (conformity) is 'yielding to group pressure'. Mann (1969) agrees with Crutchfield, but argues that it may take different forms and be based on motives other than group pressure (Gross 2010:401).

Zimbardo and Leippe (1991) define conformity as:

A change in belief or behaviour in response to real or imagined group pressure where there is no direct request to comply with the group nor any reason to justify the behaviour change (Gross 2010: 401).

So how does conformity differ from obedience?


According to Milgram (1992), both conformity and obedience involve the abdication of individual judgement in the face of some external social pressure. In conformity, there's no explicit requirement to act in a certain way, whereas in obedience we're being ordered or instructed to do something. Obedience has to do with the social power and status of an authority figure in a hierarchical situation. Although we typically deny that we conform (because it seems to detract from our sense of individuality), in the case of obedience we usually deny responsibility for our behaviour (Gross 2010: 415).

Another Motion Comic... Sweet

Another YouTube search on Motion Comics came up with this beauty; Lost Girl. This particular Motion Comic has interactivity embedded in it... It was a shame that I couldn't access the official website to see it in action! But despite this, I've finally found the 'motion' I was looking for!  Hoorah!

The pilot will focus on a 1-2 minute scene from within Out of Control. Within this scene, the audience will gain a understanding of Smith in terms of his thoughts and role. The VO (acting as the voice of Smith) will provide the background info the audience will need to understand the linear narrative as well as Smith's own thoughts and his role as a Spin Doctor (as previously mentioned).  The scene is primarily shot in his office and aims to portray a pinnacle point within the narrative that eludes to Smith's despair and solitude.

Working on the VO script for the Pilot and so far this is what the script looks like... Better get the Marantz out!

Pilot Script:

I never thought it would come to this, I mean don’t get me wrong it had been on the cards for a while even when I was an intern you could smell it in the air. Medicon was becoming more and more powerful, taking over every other media companies… In the end only Medicon were left,  I mean even politicians were turning to us on how to run the country and make everything seem ‘better’.

It all happened so quickly, in a blink of an eye you could say. Of course it was all the big executives of Medicon who had it planned all along and it had ‘actually’  worked. Backed Government into a corner and basically bullied them into having the control. What’s new eh? Of course Government crumbled so quickly, and Medicon moved right in. And now this is how it is,

New rules, new regulations… well I’m one of the lucky ones as I’m part of Medicon, I make all this happen. I live to work and work to live. If I wasn’t, I’d hate it even more…

Society lives their life through Medicon. Everything they know or will ever know about the world comes from us, hell we can make what ever we like up- and shit no one questions it. It seems trivial given my job I know I know but I seem to be the ONLY person I mean the ONLY one that doesn’t think this is ‘right’. I mean what world or society even is this?... No one has their privacy anymore I mean not even in their own homes, Medicon knows EVERYTHING about ANYONE living here. I mean hey, that’s what society signed up for right?

Of course, it’s sold to them in a way that how could they say no?  What they don’t know is, every citizen has data stored on a file where only Medicon employees has access to. Every text, every email… Medicon is reading.  Every phone call… Medicon is listening.  Every status update… Medicon is watching…

Medicon encourages society to live through this saturated ‘world’ that we at Medicon have created so that simply Medicon can control these docile, information driven, dependent citizens that have been nurtured over the past hundred years.

So here I am, sat at my desk, in my office talking to myself, sharing my own sense of despair and unhappiness in this world, that I have taken part in constructing.  I hate myself for having this control, this ability to control how the citizens see the world, and knowing it’s not true. Control isn’t the end, hell it’s only the beginning… 

Finalised Proposal

My motion comic, Out of Control functions as a social critique on present contemporary society. Set in the near but not too distant future, Out of Control represents a society governed by Media control. Government no longer exists, instead society is run and controlled by the biggest Media conglomerate; Medicon. Their mission statement: 'The public must be barred from the managing of their own affairs and the means of information must be kept narrowly and rigidly controlled'.

Society remains unquestioning and seemingly brainwashed by this extreme 'democracy' and no longer understand the world as it once was. More reliant on the Media than ever before, society 'feeds' off the Media to survive, in doing so, every citizen surrenders their personal information and privacy; Medicon knows everything and will not back down until they do. Meet Smith, alone in this world, he's the only person who hasn't been brainwashed by the ever controlling Medicon despite being Medicon's Head Spin Doctor. Caught between the devil and the deep blue sea, he must either succumb to Medicon or finally speak his mind...

Influenced by the works of Chomsky, as well as the theories of 'Media control' and 'Behavioural psychology' I aim to explore how Western society in particular, has become imprisoned in a mediated cocoon. In doing so, suggesting that society has become and is heavily reliant on the Media to understand the world, where the Media has the ability in essence to control and influence the mind...

Production Schedule

So here's my production schedule of my Independent Production piece; Out of Control.

	PRODUCTION SCHEDULE
WEEK 1	Revisit proposal, continue research into Chomsky’s idea of Media Control.
WEEK 2	Establish research questions to ask myself- aim to gather evidence supporting this.
WEEK 3	Look at the medium of Motion Comics; identify key examples, useful examples in terms of interactivity? Look at conventions and style of the motion comic (ongoing).
WEEK 4	Padding out of proposal (revised) Construct a solid narrative and storyboard using the conventions researched on Motion Comics.
WEEK 5	Continue researching theoretical content surrounding behavioural psychology and human behaviour.
WEEK 6	Research the SCI-FI genre (motion comic set in the ‘future’ albeit a dystopian future). Production piece as social commentary/critique- look into.
WEEK 7	Source images from MediaHub, Make a list of the images I will need. Continue research to work towards a comprehensive understanding of behaviourism (inc documentaries, articles etc).
WEEK 8	Revisit proposal, begin creating index page, create main image in Photoshop. Create sound for index page using Audacity.
WEEK 9	Production Week: Filming and Taking Stills.
WEEK 10	Editing in Adobe Premiere Pro.
WEEK 11	Embed finished Flash file (PILOT) into Dreamweaver.
WEEK 12	Upload to a server, testing, transfer to disk if needed.

.

Being economical with the truth...

Listening to Evan Davis talking to Steve Henry (Advertising Executive) about 'deception' was incredibly interesting particularly with how advertisers are 'economical' with the truth but are also 'stretching' this truth (weasel words)  that creates a particular and more importantly positive impression of a product. Within these adverts, are embedded messages that the consumer is very quick to identify.  Henry describes the role of advertising is to 'entertain'. Yes, but advertising is there to sell a product to the consumer and an entertaining advert is also good marketing as the consumer will remember the advert and the associating products.

Well worth a listen- Thanks Rod for the link!

Going off on a slight tangent here, but I'm finding Steve Henry's blog invaluable into the insight of advertising and other things creative...

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc (after this, therefore because of this)

So another researching stint surrounding the ideas of behaviour and behavioural psychology. I first took a glance at the Cabinet Office website and the page of the Behavioural Insight Team. Available to the public is the Behavioural Insight Team's annual update. So what is the Behavioural Insight Team and what do these annual updates suggest?

So, the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) was established in July 2010. Its objective is to make a reality of the Coalition Government’s intention to find ‘intelligent ways to encourage, support and enable people to make better choices for themselves’. 

(http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Behaviour-Change-Insight-Team-Annual-Update_acc.pdf)

So basically we are being told what is BEST for us. Making 'better choices' seems quite redundant here as it seems the team are using covert manipulation in order to educate and 'change' the public's behaviour. Such examples given were:

Alcohol – using multiple approaches 

Building on existing, mainly regulatory policies 

around licensing and under-age sales, a range of 

other interventions have the potential to reduce 

harms associated with alcohol. Some of these 

have been picked up across government and 

others outside government. They include the 

following: 

• Price signals – such as larger tax differentials 

between high and low strength beers, 

announced in the last Budget 

• Social norms – increasing awareness 

about actual levels of drinking by others. 

Some studies have shown that this can be an 

effective way of reducing excess drinking, as 

most people overestimate how much others 

drink. This approach is now being tested 

through a specific ‘Drinkaware’ campaign with 

students in Welsh universities. 

• Reducing the prominence of alcohol 

in store. Through the Public Health 

Responsibility Deal, Asda pledged to remove 

alcohol from the front of its stores from April 

this year, joining Morrisons and Waitrose, both 

of which have never adopted this practice.

Developing incentives that trigger 

‘social proof’. One of the most powerful 

influences on individuals is the behaviour of 

other people. A trial with B&Q, together with 

Kingston and Merton Councils, will offer a 

discount for ‘green’ products that increases 

with the number of neighbours who sign up. 

In addition to the effect of the discount itself 

– which has a good commercial basis as it is 

often cheaper to insulate several adjoining 

houses at once – we hypothesise that the 

awareness that others are installing energy 

improvements will in itself boost take-up. 

Control areas will receive similar offers but 

without the linking of discounts to the signing 

up of neighbours. 

It seems that we can't possibly make choices by ourselves, we need to be subtly guided (and bound up in consumption and commercialism!!!!):

mydata – making informed choices 

easier – with first applications by 

early 2012 

We are helping consumers to access, control and 

use data held about them by businesses through 

a radical new programme of work called ‘mydata’. 

Around 50 leading businesses, covering financial 

services, retail, utilities, telecoms and online 

platforms, have agreed to work with government 

on ‘mydata’, and sector boards have been 

established to drive progress, which are being 

chaired by Professor Nigel Shadbolt. The potential 

applications of ‘mydata’ are very wide ranging. 

They might enable a consumer to identify which of 

the 12 million mobile phone contracts is the best 

for them (based on their past 12 months’ usage); 

to understand what the average fat content of 

the food they purchase from supermarkets is; or 

to find out whether there might be better ways 

of saving their money or using their credit and 

debit cards. By helping consumers to access their 

own data, we believe a market in useful apps and 

websites will be stimulated – these will be able to 

analyse a consumer’s data, to make choosing the 

best deal easier. 

Skinner, B.F. (1974) About Behaviorism.  Cape: London

I picked up on some quite poignant quotes that is aiding me in my understanding of 'behaviour'. Can it can be 'predicted', is it affected by a 'feeling'  so  is it natural or a learnt process?

'We tend to say, often rashly, that if one thing follows another, it was probably caused by it- following the ancient principle of post hoc, ergo propter hoc (after this, therefore because of this). Of many examples to be found in the explanation of human behaviour, one is especially important here. The person with whom we are most familiar is ourself; many of the things we observe just before we behave occur within our body, and it is easy to take them as the causes of our behaviour. If we are asked why we have spoken sharply to a friend, we may reply 'because I felt angry'. It is true that we felt angry before, or as, we spoke, and so we take our anger to be the cause of our remark. Asked why we are not eating our dinner, we may say 'because I do not feel hungry'... We seem to be saying 'When I have felt like this before, I have behaved in such and such a way'. (p.10)

'How can a mental event cause or be caused by a physical one? If we want to predict what a person will do, how can we discover the mental causes of their behaviour, and how can we produce the feelings and states of mind which will induce them to behave in a given way?... We want to get a child to eat a nutrious but not very palatable food. We simply make sure that no other food is available, and eventually they eat'. (p.11)

'A person learning to drive a car responds to the verbal behaviour of the person sitting beside him; he starts, stops, shifts, signals, and so on when told to do so. These verbal stimuli may at first be directions, but they become instruction if verbal help is given only as needed. The driver's behaviour is then eventually taken over by the natural non verbal contingencies of driving a car. To learn to drive simply through exposure to those contingencies would take a very long time. The would be driver would have to discover what happens when he moves the shift lever, turns the wheel, presses on the accelerator, applies the brake, and so on, and all with great danger to himself. By following instructions, he avoids exposure to many of these contingencies and eventually behaves as the instructor himself behaves. The instructor has not 'communicated' his knowledge or his experience to the learner, the final uninstructed  behaviour is shaped and maintained by the natural contingencies of car and highway. The instructor has made it possible for the learner to come under their control speedily and without harm'.  (p.134)

'An important determinant of moral behaviour and a major components of character development is said to be 'willingness to follow rules', but a person 'wills' to follow a rule because of the consequences arranged by those who state the rule and enforce it'.  (p.212)

Curtis, Century of the Self

Curtis' Century of the Self is a documentary about the role of psychoanalysis, marketing, and public relations in the US. I found this very powerful and influential in terms of the role of the Media within contemporary society. Again it reminded me of PR as 'controlling the mind'. 

The Century of the Self is a great insight into the ideas of manipulating the masses and Freud's theory to control the 'dangerous crowd' in an age of mass democracy. Rooted in Freud's psychoanalysis of how the human mind works, is the examining of inner feelings (expressing this in Vienna was seen as a threat of control at the time). Through the influence of Freud's theories, his nephew, Edward Bernays, examined and explored how propaganda can portray a person in particular, in this instance Curtis used the example of the reception Woodrow Wilson received in Europe during his visit. A mass persuasion drive within Europe, made the public see Wilson as a 'hero'. This was the affect of propaganda and manipulating the unconscious.  It was quite interesting to learn and understand the use of the phrase PR. It came about as the term propaganda was seen as having negative associations as the term was bound up and associated with Nazi Germany, hence the term PR was born! 


Edward Bernays (Freud's nephew) was particularly fascinated by the reception Wilson received during to his visit to Europe, and was keen to experiment with altering the way how 'big groups' think and feel. He realized that by satisfying people's inner selfish desires, this made them happy and docile; thus began the 'all consuming self' that has come to dominate society. He showed that American corporations make people want things that they didn't need by linking mass produced goods to unconscious desires (again this is rooted in the inner being and emotional ties). So this was the idea of persuading people to purchase products- that are seemingly linked to emotional desires and feelings. This shift from 'need' and the functional use of products (selling point) such as shoes or cars (which was being sold to the citizen at the time), to people being unconsciously trained through product placements, adverts and magazine articles to 'desire', thus shaping a new mentally; man's desires must overshadow his needs. The unnecessary became a necessity. We are no longer citizen but now consumer.


Bernays experimented in persuading women to smoke. A tough task,  as cigarettes were seen as a symbol of male sexual power (everything has a symbol, meaning or denotation GAHHH- we can't escape it!??!). Bernays was hired to challenge this perception. During an pro- American rally during the war, Bernays told a group of women to hide a packet of cigarettes on their person and when he signaled, they were to 'light up'. Bernays was quick to contact the press and fed them the story that a group of suffragettes  were partaking in a protest, which he elegantly created and titled 'Torches of Freedom'. The emotional and rationality bound up within this phrase and the symbolism associated with the Statue of Liberty (freedom etc) made women smoking socially acceptable. Despite this clear vision of manipulation, this small gesture made women 'feel' more independent. It meant that this paved the way for irrelevant objects to become powerful emotional symbols of how you wanted to be seen by others. Products are now a way of expressing our inner sense of self to others, through being manipulated into believing that products will nurture and appease emotional desires and feelings. 

Working Progress- Website

Whilst researching, I was particularly inspired by the below image:

I particularly like the large, imposing 'M' as it's very powerful and intimidating. It was quite an influence on how I would envision the Medicon brand logo. 

Even so, I particularly like this image as it's very bleak, and reinforces the idea of media control (which I'm exploring). Again, the colours work well together to emphasis 'Media Control'. 

http://www.atlanteanconspiracy.com/2011/02/help-make-media-control-org-successful.html

So here's my working progress of the image within the index page. I'm planning to incorporate a roll over effect on one aspect of the image that will reveal the message: No Freedom, No Power, No Voice.  I'm going for the saturated black and white effect as it's quite 'dystopian' in style. I particularly chose the financial building in London as it is quite iconic, and through this, it will be semiotically read to be the building  (control centre) of the now all powerful Medicon (use of bricolage- given the building a different meaning to its original). This again reinforces the idea of 'a possible future' (maintaining that suspension of disbelief and believability- that is apparent in the SF genre). I still need to incorporate the project title: Out of Control into the image, as of yet I am undecided on the type of style I'll go for!

I found this article on BBC_News_Health particularly interesting in terms of controlling behaviour, and in doing so  subtly suggesting what children SHOULD BE doing, educating what children SHOULD BE doing, as well as the control in changing the 'time'. 

Another article  I came across:

Revealed: US spy operation that manipulates social media'

Guardian Article- Propaganda

Again feeding into control behaviour and controlling the mind, but also being 'mainpulated' through PR etc. The basic gist of the article in a few sentences:  ' The US military is developing software that will let it secretly manipulate social media sites by using fake online personas to influence internet conversations and spread pro-American propaganda'. Again this plays into the boundaries of the public and private, here, social networking sites aren't just for keeping in touch with people anymore, they are a channel for advertisers to track and target potential consumers for commercial gain. Similar to The Economist article shown below; 

'Many people imagine they can hide from the hidden persuaders... Yet the marketers have a way of triumphing nonetheless, SAS, a software company, analyze social-media chatter to find people whose online comments influence others; companies can then target these 'influentials'. 
However minimal it is, our details are being played like cards whether it be just our age group, location or gender to potential advertisers to increase their profit margins. Are we merely pawns on a chess board waiting to be played?!?! 

Controlling the Mind...

This week has been quite a creative and imaginative one! I took some time out to think of a title for my production piece primarily to give it some kind of identity.

My short list includes:

• Hush
• Mee-dee-uh
• Out of Control
• Acedia 

I went with Out of Control as it is quite hard hitting, enigmatic and also reflects the way that society is out of control within my fictional motion comic but also the outcome that the main protagonist (i.e. the result of this media control), Smith experiences when Medicon is controlling and all powerful. 

From researching present motion comics, it's quite apparent that they use climatic instrumental non- diagetic sound throughout. Using audacity, I'm keen to create my own instrumental piece to accompany the motion comic as sound is a very powerful component in suggesting the atmosphere and mood and creating that all important climax. 

The 'sound' I'm going for is similar to that of 28 Days Later: 'The Beginning'

Particularly like this one as the sound is very eery and quite nerving. Also as it's one of my favourite films and the sound is particularly excellent in this one! 

Another instrumental piece that I found quite interesting and powerful was The Darkest Hour (soundtrack):

This again, I find very climatic and creates a tense, nerving atmosphere- exactly the kind of feeling I want the audience to feel. 

So going back to the narrative, I've come up with a basic outline which is outlined in my revised proposal below. Throughout the motion comic, the audience will experience the desperation of the main protagonist Smith, in not being able to 'cope' in this mixed up mediated controlled world. 

Taken from Democracy in America (Tocqueville):

'In our days men see that the constituted powers are crumbling down on every side; they see all ancient authority dying out, all ancient barriers tottering to their fall, and the judgement of the wisest is troubled at the sight; they attend only to the amazing revolution that is taking place before their eyes, and they imagine that mankind is about to fall into perpetual anarchy. If they looked to the final consequence of this revolution, their fears would perhaps assume a different shape. For myself, I confess that I put no trust in the spirit of freedom which appears to animate contemporaries. I see well enough that the nations of this age are turbulent, but I do not clearly perceive that they are liberal and i fear lest, at the close of those perturbations, which rock the base of thrones, the dominion of sovereigns may prove more powerful than it ever was'.  

Keat, N. (1994 ) The Authority of the Consumer. Routledge: UK. p43

I found this particularly poignant, as it basically argues that traditional patterns of authority are being eroded by the new spirit of democracy and the spread of individualism. Which in this fictional world is now being repressed again. 

Smith is keen to hold on to this, remember it and not to be mixed up and succumb to the controlling Medicon. Through remembering the past, he is able to have control over his future and his own mind (to some extent). The final scene will see Smith citing this in a status update. Ultimately giving him the 'freedom' to speak his mind...finally but he is aware there will be consequences. Shortly after he has clicked 'post' a knock is heard at the door, sirens are heard in the background, the shot will cut to a close up of Smith smiling... He's done all he wanted to do. Yet the final message and social critique if you like  is to reiterate the power of media control. In some aspect it can and will take over your life and cannot be ignored. Particularly how this can be seen in today's society with our reliance on television, newspapers and the Internet to name a few!

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b016ldtj/All_in_the_Mind_01_11_2011/

So this week was also spent researching Behaviourism. All in the Mind was particularly interesting   as it gave me an insight into Government and the Behavioural Insight Team or 'Nudge' unit that was designed to persuade us to make decisions which are good for us and good for society. The 'Nudge' agenda then, uses pyschology to persuade us to change our behaviour. The example given was 'crossing the road without being knocked over'. It made me think of this example used in Web Media in 2nd year:

Controlling where to 'aim'- makes an everyday 'thing' into gameplay

Government seek to persuade, cajole and strong arm us into changing our behaviour. This can be done if society 'doesn't get it' by bringing in new rules or even new legislations to force us to comply. So new ideas to get us doing the right thing seems to be a hot topic right now particularly as Cameron gave his cabinet the thumbs up to read 'Nudge' over the Summer. I may actually read a copy myself! UHHH CONTROLLING MUCH?!?! Cynicism overload happening right now! 

The other was BBC Radio 4's  The Sound of Fear. This investigates the particular music and noises that scares us and the reasons why. This particularly fits in with the sound used in motion comics to evoke a particular mood and atmosphere. 

As my motion comic is set in a fictional future, I started to read around the Science Fiction genre. From reading Hartwell's (1996)  Age of Wonders: Exploring the world of Science Fiction. Particular quotes stood out to me in my justification for my motion comic:

'One of the foundations of all SF: It has to be possible, so the reader's suspension of disbelief is not betrayed'- This is particularly vital for my motion comic as it's a social critique the audience must be able to recognize aspects of today's society in order to fully understand the meaning within the piece.

'The authentic SF  experience is a perception of truth, reality in an unreal environment. The immediate and clear presentation of the palpably untrue is a distancing device of great power and effectiveness. The radical distancing from quotidian reality frees the writer from many of the literary conventions through which reality is represented in fashionable literatures from Zane Grey to Saul Bellow. From this point of view, the SFictional world of the story is an unreal construct built to deceive the reader- and the reader eagerly penetrates the deceit to find the core of truth. This is an ancient reading protocol invented by the exegetical readers of the Medieval Church, called allegoresis, through which the knowledgeable reader provides the allegorical interpretation (truth) for which the text is only a concealment ... Any kind of allegorical reading makes the reader feel clever, a perception that has not escaped the most popular allegorist  writer today, Stephen King'. 

The rest of this week will be dedicated to reading around the theories and ideas within:

Skinner, B.F. (1974) About Behaviorism. Penguin Books: UK

Perry, J.M. (1977) Lobbying for the People. Princeton University Press: USA

Gross, R. (2010) Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour. 6th Edition. Bookpoint LTD: UK

Lehrer, J. (2010) How We Decide. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company: New York

And also finishing my storyboard!